Gaps, challenges and possible solution for prediction of wheel–rail rolling contact fatigue crack initiation

Abstract The prediction of wheel/rail rolling contact fatigue (RCF) crack initiation during railway operations is an important task. Since RCF evolution influenced by many factors, its process complex. This paper reviews the existing approaches to predict initiation. region predicted shakedown map. By combining map with various criteria and critical plane method, life calculated. classification, methodologies, theories applications these are included in this paper. advantages limitations methods analyzed provide recommendation for prediction. review highlights that dynamic characteristic, complex working conditions, surface defects wear all affect optimal selection essential Based on research gap regarding challenging detailed review, a proposed achieve more accurate result.